This paper investigates the integration of intelligent sensors with 5G to strengthen condition monitoring in smart manufacturing. It outlines 5G communication features— especially network slicing and edge computing—and summarizes latency, bandwidth, and reliability needs across typical industrial applications. It reviews sensor aspects including materials (e.g., nanomaterials), learning-based data processing for fault diagnosis, and security via encryption with a comparative view of algorithms. The paper analyzes integration strategies and their effects on transmission latency and throughput, and examines data-collection quality under electromagnetic interference and temperature influences using illustrative comparisons. It further discusses industrial data-collection speed and practical coverage constraints on the shop floor, noting signal attenuation patterns in large factories and the resulting impacts on rate and latency. The study concludes with challenges—standard inconsistency, network security, cost, and adaptation to harsh environments—and notes mitigation directions such as local preprocessing/compression and scheduling to prioritize key data.

Tillage machines are called upon to cultivate the soil in a way that provides the best opportunity for the development of the cultivated crop (Mitkov, 2023). Another important calling is to preserve soil fertility and create equal conditions for germination and emergence of seeds from agricultural crops. Last but not least, of course, the economic aspect of the operation must meet the minimum for such a reduction in production costs and an increase in income from the cultivated crop. When cultivating the soil, we exert mechanical influence on the working bodies of agricultural machinery in order to achieve a certain structure under the agrotechnical conditions for growing a given crop for a certain time, on a certain volume of soil. The goals of soil cultivation are higher crop yields, but also preserving soil fertility. Agronomically valuable soil is 1-25 mm in size, aggregates with sizes smaller than 1 mm lead to soil fragmentation (Genkova, Dallev, 2024). After processing with agricultural machinery, the tasks are many, but one of the essential and important factors is the size of the soil aggregates. These, of course, are directly related to the type of soil, the mechanical physical composition and the content of physical clay. In this study, we consider soil fractions with a size of less than 1 mm, which lead to soil erosion. The experiments were conducted with a new model of soil tillage implement, on a soil background plowing.

In modern agriculture, tillage machines perform an important function - they prepare the soil in such a way as to create optimal conditions for crop development. In addition, their role includes preserving soil fertility and providing a uniform environment for seed germination and emergence. Of particular importance is the economic efficiency of cultivation, which should lead to a reduction in production costs and an increase in yields. The mechanical impact of the working bodies on the soil aims to form a structure that meets the agrotechnical requirements for the specific crop, within a certain time interval and volume. Agronomically valuable soil is characterized by aggregates with sizes between 1 and 25 mm, while fractions below 1 mm lead to pulverization and an increased risk of erosion. The present study focuses on soil particles below 1 mm, which are critical for soil stability. A new model of tillage implement was tested on a stubble soil background to assess its effectiveness in reducing fines and creating a suitable soil structure. The optimal size of the aggregates creates favorable conditions for seed germination, root system development and improves the overall efficiency of crop growth. When assessing the efficiency of various tillage machines and technologies, the degree of fragmentation is often used as an indicator of the quality of tillage. The balance between appropriate particle size and preservation of the natural soil structure is essential for the sustainable management of soil resources.

През ХIХ век Европа е в етап на капиталистическо развитие след Индустриалната революция. Буржоазната морална концепция влияе на социалните критерии за оценка на жените. Те са строго ограничени в брака, семейството и социалната йерархия. Виолета от операта „Травиата“ е отражение на тази реалност. Като куртизанка, дори когато търси истинска любов, тя не може да бъде приета от обществото. Литературата и театърът от ХIХ век често използват модела „пропаднала жена – жертва“, представяйки жертвата на жените като естетизация на любовта и моралното изкупление, превръщайки ги в символ на социални ценности. Смъртта на Виолета не само задоволява очакванията на буржоазията за „възвръщане на морала у пропадналите жени“, но и продължава романтичната трактовка на женските образи в трагедиите.